BACKGROUND Empirical evidence showing higher survivorship in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) supports a theory of rural disadvantage. Yet this evidence mostly builds on infant or child ...

Demographic Research, Vol. 33 (JULY - DECEMBER 2015), pp. 1015-1034 (22 pages) BACKGROUND More than 60 years ago the international community declared literacy a basic human right. Recognition of its ...