However, there is a call for refining these criteria to improve diagnostic accuracy, as not all ANA patterns are indicative of autoimmune diseases, and some may appear in healthy individuals[4].

or prominent changes suggestive of another disease AIH = autoimmune hepatitis; alpha-1 AT = alpha-1 antitrypsin; ANA = antinuclear antibodies; SMA = smooth muscle antibodies; anti-LKM1 ...

Autoimmune Hepatitis should be considered whenever the cause of liver disease is not clear. Blood tests to check for presence of immunoglobulins (IgG) and auto-antibodies (ANA, SMA, LKM-1 ...