Another cause is rheumatic fever, which can cause scar tissue to form on the aortic valve. This scar tissue may narrow the aortic valve, but it can also create a rough surface where calcium ...

Transscatheter aortic valve replacement is a novel way to replace a diseased aortic valve without a median sternotomy. The first human TAVR was performed by Dr. Cribier in 2002. [33] There have ...