Continued triggering of foci, electrical and structural remodeling leading to changes in ion-channel currents and atrial enlargement, changes in autonomic balance or myocardial senescence with ...

Multifocal atrial tachycardia occurs when multiple areas, or ectopic foci, within the atrium generate consecutive action potentials that are all conducted to the ventricles. Thus, each QRS complex ...

Wandering atrial pacemaker occurs when multiple areas (ectopic foci) within the atrium generate consecutive action potentials that are all conducted to the ventricles. Thus, each QRS complex will ...

Other common foci included pulmonary veins (PVs, n = 15), right atrial appendage (RAA, n = 7), parahisian area (n = 7), and crista terminalis (CT, n = 3). Positive P waves in inferior leads (II ...

Atrial fibrillation (AF ... to the PV. These ectopic foci can be localized to the PV in about 90% of people with paroxysmal AF. Most patients only have one or two foci, making them easier targets ...