Figure 4: The bystander effects of MSCs on neural cells. It is of note that in all of these studies, the beneficial effect of MSCs on the injured tissue occurred despite limited levels of ...

The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation, against a bully, or during an assault or other crime.The greater the ...

The infamous murder launched decades of studies investigating the “bystander effect,” where a diffusion of responsibility and fear of risk leads to inaction on the part of people who may be ...

Dr. Xue's research interests lie in studying the mechanisms of programmed cell death (or apoptosis), phospholipid asymmetry in biological membranes, mitochondrial inheritance, and radiation-induced ...