IN calculating the dipole moments of polyatomic molecules ... calculated from the internuclear distances and the electronic charge. The valency angles calculated from them vary and do not agree ...

The team made changes to a material group called antiferroelectrics – used in capacitors – in which layers of pairs of positive and negative charges ... this kind of dipole behavior.

When a piezoelectric crystal is subjected to mechanical stress, the deformation of the crystal structure causes a displacement of positive and negative ions, generating an electrical dipole moment.