You have full access to this article via your institution. Although a considerable fraction of recalcitrant proteins will still need customized production, our findings show that it will be ...

Seokhee Kim and colleagues report the structure of a periplasmic fragment of the Escherichia coli integral outer ... model for this type of secretion by such proteins.

α-hemolysin (HlyA) is expressed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and is a member of the RTX protein family – a class of toxins that is widely distributed across bacterial phyla.