In 1919, Polish mathematician Theodor Kaluza proposed that the existence of a fourth spatial dimension might allow the linking of general relativity and electromagnetic theory. The idea ...

Electrostatics and magnetostatics with special attention to boundary value problems. Quasistatic fields and displacement currents. Maxwell's equations, special relativity, wave-guides, scattering, ...

That goal has partly been realized in that they now have a theory which unifies two of these forces - the electromagnetic and weak forces - but unifying all four is proving to be extremely difficult.

In 1821, he discovered the principle of electromagnetic rotation, laying the groundwork for electric motors. This breakthrough demonstrated that a magnetic field can cause a wire carrying an ...

GEM is a comprehensive electromagnetic gyrokinetic delta-f particle code that includes the full dynamics of gyrokinetic ions and drift-kinetic electrons. Magnetic perturbations perpendicular to the ...

Comparative analysis with dielectric polarization theory reveals that metamaterials, as extensions of dielectric materials, lack a critical component in their electromagnetic response framework ...