Figure 1: Mechanisms of rapid non-genomic receptor-dependent actions of estrogen in four cell types. E2 induces MAPK phosphorylation and activation within 5 minutes in osteoblasts (ref.

by the loss of signals from the nongenomic estrogen receptors, such as those found on the surfaces of cultured female rat osteoblasts. [57] James F. Whitfield, PhD, FRSC, Paul Morley, PhD ...

Experimental results showed that adipocyte ESRRA interferes with the signaling of 17-estradiol and estrogen receptor alpha ... BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts rather than adipocytes.