The process typically includes two main stages: alcoholic fermentation, where sugars are converted into alcohol by yeast, and acetic acid fermentation, where bacteria convert alcohol into acetic ...

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) play a crucial role in the production of vinegar and various organic acids through the fermentation of sugars and alcohols. These bacteria, primarily belonging to the ...

Fermentation is a process that dates back thousands of years and was the first example of biotechnology ... and bacteria produce lactic acid, acetic acid, and monosodium glutamate.

The acetic acid and various other metabolites produced by the acetic acid bacteria during fermentation impact the texture, ...