Fear conditioning plays a crucial role in how children learn to respond to fear. Fear conditioning, which involves ...

Shelby is an assistant editor for The Scientist. She earned her PhD from West Virginia University in immunology and microbiology and completed an AAAS Mass Media fellowship. View Full Profile. Learn ...

Presenting the tone without the shock can diminish this conditioned fear; this process is called extinction. Since Pavlov's original conditioning studies, a key question has been whether this ...