Angelo and Cross (book available in CTE library) have written extensively on formative classroom techniques. Summative assessment is used to understand student learning at the end of a class or ...

It is the use of the assessment that makes it formative. If evidence of student achievement is not used to adapt instruction or to give feedback to students to improve their learning, it is summative.

An unprecedented venture in American higher education, the Department of Formative Education (DFE) is devoted to the interdisciplinary exploration of questions at once perennial and pressing: How do ...

Best defined as the guided development of the whole human being, formative education integrates the intellectual, social, ethical, and spiritual development of students so they can discover their ...

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments ... a vital role in ...

Summative assessments are implemented at the end of a unit, course, or instructional period to evaluate how well students have achieved the learning objectives, such as knowledge, skills, and ...