These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...

The trouble boils down to gravity. It’s the only one of the four fundamental forces of nature described by general relativity, and the only one that quantum theory cannot address. Coming up with ...

That at least is the case with the strong nuclear force, one of four fundamental forces of nature (the others being electromagnetism, gravity and the weak nuclear force). The strong force holds ...

"These two binding energies are the result of three out of the four fundamental forces in physics: electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. This is in contrast to ...