While many Western countries gave independence to African countries, France was never genuine and it remains until today, ...

People in Africa were burdened by colonial perceptions of who they were. The British believed Africans were essentially different from Europeans and would stay that way. This point of view invited ...

Founded as a French colonial settlement in the 17th century, Saint-Louis was urbanised in the mid-19th century. It was the capital of Senegal from 1872 to 1957 and played an important cultural and ...

Men brought over from the French colonies in North Africa and West Africa to fight and to die for France, the nation that had taken over their own countries by military force in the 19th century.

One of the first acts of colonial exploitation occurred with the seizure of Algeria’s financial reserves. In 1832, shortly after the occupation of Algiers, French forces looted the treasury of the ...

Two rare French photo albums from 1911–1919 document Morocco during the French invasion, capturing military movements, colonial rule, and local landmarks. Despite their colonial perspective, the ...

in reference to the 132-year-old colonial era, the memory of which is still a great source of tension. For historian Benjamin Stora, a leading specialist in French colonisation and the Algerian ...