In addition to these decisions, which are made in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, checkpoints that operate in other phases of the cycle exert quality control by determining that certain steps have ...

To maintain ploidy, unidirectional progression through the phases of the cell cycle (G1 → S → G2 → M → G1) is essential. To keep cells from regressing, the transitions of the mitotic cell ...

A hallmark of tumor cells is an inability to control their proliferation, which implies that these cells are capable of bypassing cell cycle checkpoints and regulation by tumor suppressor signaling ...