One of the things that every student of digital electronics learns, is that every single logic function can be made from a combination of NAND gates. But nobody is foolhardy enough to give it a ...

As an example, let’s consider the AND gate (the others are OR, NOT, NAND, NOR ... as the elements to build gates, but there are many ways to implement them. Using relays is one of them, and ...

the development of all-optical XOR logic gates has also been explored. Similar to the NAND gate, the XOR gate was designed using a PC-SOA and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, achieving comparable ...

1 Fig. 1 NAND inverting gate and AND non-inverting gate Standard CMOS gates used in IC design are inverting for a variety of reasons, including lower area and delay compared to the non inverting ...