Since 1997, the annual UNDP Report tries to measure poverty in the Third World using a human poverty index that considers other criteria than monetary income. These are : the probability at birth of ...

some countries manage to attenuate the impact of that poverty by access to services made available to the population. At the top of the list of such countries in 2002, were Uruguay, Costa Rica, Chile ...

For its annual flagship Human Development Report in 2010, the UNDP replaced its human poverty index with an MPI constructed at OPHI by Alkire and Maria Emma Santos, now an assistant economics ...