Complex neural circuits likely arose independently in birds and mammals, suggesting that vertebrates evolved intelligence ...

These guidelines apply to studies involving humans, vertebrate animals and cell lines. Authors should use the terms sex (biological attribute) and gender (shaped by social and cultural ...

There are lots of vertebrates in the animal kingdom. Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

However, studies using human brain autopsies are very hard ... UNM Professor Irene Salinas has studied mucosal immune systems in vertebrate animals for a long time. Her laboratory, which mostly ...

Q: Have any modern animals adapted to human activity through natural selection? Mike Anglin | Dallas, Texas Human-caused factors have led to anatomical changes in both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Figure 11.13A shows ancestral condition, seen from side of animal, with 6 aortic arches (anterior arches have been lost). The aortic arches of gill bearing vertebrates are primarily for bringing blood ...

HCACUC approval must be obtained prior to any changes in approved protocols. The purpose of the Post-Approval Monitoring (PAM) Program is to ensure that research and teaching activities that involve ...

All use of non-human vertebrate animals for research and teaching purposes must be approved in advance by the IACUC. Documents and Animal Use Protocol application forms are available to faculty, staff ...