Another indication for vertebral artery reconstruction pertains to patients who have both extracranial internal carotid and vertebral atherosclerotic disease and who have not gained symptom relief ...

To date, the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS) 3 is the only prospective randomized study comparing best medical therapy with endovascular stenting for patients ...

The axillary artery is relatively large ... high incidence of involvement of the proximal portions of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. On the other hand, occlusive disease of the ...

ICA = Internal carotid artery; MCA = Middle cerebral artery; PCA = Posterior cerebral artery; VA = Vertebral artery. Major cerebral artery territories superimposed on the left hemisphere of normal ...

Intra-arterial (arteriography): Carotid arteries: 10–14mL; Vertebral arteries: 10–12mL (max 175mL); Right coronary artery: 3–8mL; Left coronary artery: 3–10mL; Left ventricle: 20–45mL ...