One can divide lacrimal drainage system tests into functional and anatomical evaluations. The functional (physiological) tests are designed to assess tear flow under natural physiological ...

A history of nasal surgery or facial fracture is also related to epiphora. Inspection of the eyelid for anatomical abnormalities (e.g., ectropion, entropion, lower lid laxity, and lacrimal pump ...

Although epiphora can be due to either excessive tear ... Using a metal cannula may damage the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct; a safer alternative is a soft Teflon catheter (Fig.