The ECMO system consisted of a Biomedicus BP-50 centrifugal pump (Medtronic, Shoreview, MN) and a Minimax hollow fiber oxygenator (Medtronic). Gas flow rates to membrane oxygenator were maintained ...

it feeds ambient air through a sterile filter into the hollow-fiber membrane. Under working conditions oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse from the hollow-fiber membrane into the cell suspension.

The heart of the bioreactor is the hollow fiber module. It is composed of straw-like semipermeable membranes with a high ... supply of nutrients and oxygen to the cells during the complete culture ...