The authors' work 3, however, primarily highlights the role of memory B-cell IL-10 in downregulating the active inflammatory response in EAE (that is, disease remission), less so the role of B ...

Meanwhile, the adaptive system, consisting of T and B cells, responds more slowly, targeting specific antigens and generating long-lived memory cells to enable a quicker, stronger secondary response.

double negative memory B cells, so-called because they are negative for two markers found on the surface of their more common ...