Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)is a highly sensitive technique for identifying and quantifying the chemical states of elements on the outermost surface of a solid. It is especially useful for ...

The PHI 5800 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a common surface analysis method because it can be used on a wide variety of materials and supplies valuable quantitative and chemical data. X-ray photoelectron ...