Astronomy flourished under the Gupta Empire (c. 320-550 CE ... To commemorate his rule and the god Shiva, Rajaraja built a magnificent temple, Rajarajeshvara or Brihadeesvarar Temple at Tanjore ...

Here's Shiva, with his wife Parvati and his trident ... So that by 450, the Gupta Empire - along with Iran and the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium - was one of the world's three superpowers.