A holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border louder with inspiration is due to tricuspid regurgitation (Carvallo’s sign). The aortic stenosis murmur can radiate to the cardiac apex ...

If the aortic regurgitation is due to aortic root disease, the murmur is best heard at the right upper sternal border and not at Erb's point. As aortic regurgitation worsens in severity ...