In some cases, the lice spread an infection known as ‘trench fever’. One way of killing the lice was to ‘pop’ them with the end of a cigarette. Soldiers also shared the trenches with pests ...

After the attacks, he was sent back to England in June and admitted to Middlesex War Hospital for treatment where he was found to be suffering from "trench fever" and valvular disease of the heart ...

Spread by body lice, trench fever affects individuals in unsanitary conditions, presenting symptoms such as recurrent fever, headaches, and bone pain, particularly in the shins. Bartonella can ...