and the lytic vacuoles of acidic pH, which are equivalent in function to lysosomes in mammalian cells (Figure 1). A special feature of guard cells is that they can increase or decrease their ...

The research team showed that ATG8, which is normally located in small cellular vesicles that mediate autophagy, is quickly relocated to the vacuole membrane upon disruption of the cell wall.

The film explores the structure and function of plant and animal cells ... with observing onion cells, highlighting their components such as the cell wall, nucleus, and vacuoles.