Photolithography uses light to transfer a pattern of features from a mask to a light-sensitive chemical photoresist on a semiconductor wafer. As the pattern is transferred, it is reduced in scale ...

Optical lithography requires high-power excimer lasers and complex stacks of precision-ground lens elements to project nanometre-scale patterns onto the surface of semiconductor wafers.

Within the semiconductor industry, there is a continual demand for integrated circuits (IC) that exhibit higher performance at a lower cost than its predecessors. Wafer metrology tools are used to ...

The equipment is used to print fine circuit patterns on semiconductor wafers. Japanese manufacturers once had a monopoly on the market for lithography systems, but they were overpowered by ASML ...

Combined capacity of the top five companies represented 53% of total global wafer capacity at the end of 2019. In contrast, the top five capacity leaders in 2009 held 36% of worldwide capacity.

Each layer is made by putting masks with particular patterns over the ... it's made out of a semiconductor crystal. The chip starts out as a thin wafer of P-type silicon. This is then coated ...