little or no oxygen a large amount of carbon dioxide water vapour small amounts of other gases, such as ammonia and methane Scientists cannot be sure about the early atmosphere since it formed so ...

F. Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere. Precambrian Research 34, 205–229 (1987). Kasting, J. F. Earth’s early atmosphere.

Exploring the transformation of Earth from a volcanic hellscape to a potential birthplace of life during the Hadean era.

For example, small concentrations of the greenhouse gas ammonia could have warmed the early Earth. But the gas readily ... optical scattering of Titan's atmosphere is best simulated by particles ...

It records a critical milestone in Earth's history, when the atmosphere was changing rapidly and atmospheric ... They allow scientists to research the early atmosphere of our planet and the process of ...

By exploring Yellowstone's geothermal springs, scientists discovered the microbes that reveal how life adapted to harsh conditions billions of years ago.