Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

In recent years, there have been attempts to describe the inside of a proton using quantum information tools, with partial ...

A proton’s valence quarks (blue, red, and green), quark-antiquark pairs, and gluons (springs). Scalar gluon activity (pink) extends beyond the electric charge radius (orange) that surrounds the ...