Incentives, such as money, vouchers or deposits, can be used to encourage people to quit smoking, and to reward them if they remain non-smoking. Such schemes can be run in workplaces, in clinics, and ...

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) may reduce the effort required to walk, and increase walking speed and satisfaction with walking in people with calf muscle weakness due to neuromuscular disorders, but we ...

A new Cochrane review has found that calorie labelling of food on menus and products leads people to choose slightly fewer calories. The research team, led by scientists from UCL, Bath Spa University, ...

Subarachnoid thrombolysis is where a clot-dissolving drug is administered to clear the blood after subarachnoid haemorrhage. This may improve outcomes since blood in the subarachnoid space is ...

相比单独使用术前放疗，术前放化疗能增强病理反应及提高在可切除直肠癌II期III期患者的局部控制力，但不能提高无病生存率或总存活数。术前放化疗在其功能结局和生活质量上的效果尚未得到充分的解释和报告，因此还需要在今后的临床试验中强调。 术前 ...

– Current evidence suggests that calorie (energy) labelling on menus, and on or next to products, leads to reductions in calories selected and bought from food and non-alcoholic drinks. The evidence ...

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我们只发现了很少的研究，所有都在美国进行。尽管这一结果具有潜在的前景，但仍需要对姑息治疗服务提供干预措施进行高质量的试验，以评估住院医生的治疗效果，尤其是在美国以外的地区。这些研究应该更关注结果的衡量标准、成本效益的评估和偏倚风险 ...

动力牙刷比起手动牙刷，无论是从短期来说还是从长期来说都能更有效的去除牙菌斑和减少牙龈炎这些发现的临床重要性仍然未知。依据方法学指南的观察、更大样本量、和标准化的设计将有益于未来的试验和meta分析。 成本、可靠性和副作用的报告尚有争议。

电子健康干预可以改善膳食钠摄入量的管理和液体管理。然而，总的来说，这些资料表明，目前在CKD人群中使用电子健康干预措施的证据质量较低，由于方法的限制和电子健康模式和干预类型的异质性，其效果不确定。我们的综述强调了对可靠、高质量的研究的 ...