With the paucity of research on effective interventions for DC, research-based guidelines cannot be delineated. Nurses play a key role in assisting older adult clients in identifying and ...

The most commonly used medications to treat OAB have anticholinergic properties. Anticholinergics are competitive inhibitors of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors (mainly the M3 receptor ...

A bladder spasm, also known as detrusor hyperreflexia, occurs when the bladder muscle squeezes involuntarily without warning. In addition to pain or discomfort, the spasms can lead to bladder leakage ...

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.T.L., N.U.N.N., W.M.E., C.-C.H., I.M.-M., F.X., S.R.A., N.V., N.B., L.E.-F., Q.M.O., A.C.C., M.S.A., S.L ...