This major pattern shift is raising alarms and prompting urgent calls for financial preparedness. The year 1971 was pivotal when the U.S. abandoned the gold standard, transitioning to a purely ...

Definition: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. By measuring the angles and intensities of diffracted beams ...

Using X-ray pulses to illuminate nanoparticles, researchers decode diffraction patterns to construct detailed three-dimensional images. (Illustration: ETH Zürich / Daniela Rupp) In a 2D-XRD experiment ...