The most common causes of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease at 70 per cent and toxic nodular goiter at 16 per cent. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism.

and is frequently found in association with non-toxic nodular goiter (also evident in this patient). In contrast, type II AIT occurs in those without any underlying thyroid disease and is ...

Radioiodine is the therapy of choice for toxic nodules or for symptomatic nodular goiters when surgery is not possible. Percutaneous ethanol injection should be used, in our opinion, as the first ...