Plant cells have several structures not found in other eukaryotes. In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules; cell walls ...

Specialised plant cells include root hair cells, palisade cells, xylem cells and phloem cells. Just like animals, plants are made of tiny little cells. Like animal cells, basic plant cells have a ...

Plant cells are organized in a rigid, static order resembling a brick wall due to their ... Importantly, the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance leads to escalation of infectious disease.

Scientists have created a new atlas of plant cells during immune response, in turn discovering a new rare cell state, called Primary IMmunE Responder (PRIMER), that acts as an immune response hub ...

Plants have two basic immune pathways. First, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on the plant cell’s surface recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) released by invaders—say, the ...

But plants don't have this luxury. Because plant cells are immobile, each individual cell is forced to manage its own immunity in addition to its many other responsibilities, like turning sunlight ...