The schematic diagram [Figure (b)] shows that the Stokes beam is modulated with an electro-optic modulator (EOM, M350-160 KD*P, Conoptics) at a couple of MHz by using a square-wave function-generator ...

Enhancement techniques including UV resonance Raman, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy overcome the traditional challenge ...