In a recent Perspective in Nature Immunology 1, Blander and Medzhitov explored the function of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in controlling the maturation of phagosomes in macrophages and ...

In addition, macrophage-induced oxidative stress is a key feature of CKD as it also promotes cell damage and inflammation. Macrophages also contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by ...

The team's work sheds light on the pivotal role of Lrrk2, a major risk gene for Parkinson's disease, in modulating macrophage functions and immune responses. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a ...

Both macrophages ... Figure 2: Contribution of pathogens and self peptides to loading of MHC class II molecules in dendritic cells. Conversely, autophagy also stimulates TLR signalling by ...

mRNA sequencing was performed in M1 and control macrophages. Mice and ATDC5 cells were treated with R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) or anti-Rspo2 to investigate the role of Rspo2 in OA. Results M1 but not ...

TLR-mediated responses orchestrate the development of long-lasting, pathogen-specific adaptive immune response. TLRs on the plasma membrane (TLR1, 2, 4 and ... IRF3 (TLR3 and TLR4) and IRF7 ...

It was hypothesized that the crosstalk between Toll-like receptors, especially Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and serotonergic machinery during inflammation may be an important factor for understanding ...

Nintendo Switch 2 is finally confirmed. After literal years of unverified rumors, dubious leaks and copious amounts of online speculation, Nintendo has lifted the lid on its next-generation ...

Low-intensity cardio—sometimes called LISS or “zone 2”—is a previously-underrated form of exercise. It’s finally coming back into fashion after spending years on the sidelines while HIIT ...

Rumors of a Nintendo Switch 2 have been circulating for years. Whispers of the next-gen Nintendo console first started when The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom was initially teased in 2019 ...

Commentary: The PlayStation Portal and Steam Deck make it clear to me that Nintendo needs to fix some things, but it's OK if the Switch 2 looks the same. I started with CNET reviewing laptops in 2009.