To date, there have been no randomized trials studying the use of different antiplatelet therapies or anticoagulation against antiplatelet therapy in known cases of extracranial vertebral artery ...

Background The vertebral artery (VA) ostium (VAO) is a common stenosis site. Most patients with VAO stenosis refractory to medical treatment are treated endovascularly using stenting. To optimally ...

In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

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