Objectives The circadian clocks are internal timing mechanisms that drive ∼24-hour rhythms in a tissue-specific manner. Many aspects of the physiology of the intervertebral disc (IVD) show clear ...

The functional alteration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) exerts a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). Circular RNAs and microRNAs (miRs) are ...

Once abused and in pain, Waverly’s $30K recovery brought her a second chance. She’s now deaf but happy, thriving in her forever home.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China ...

Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have shown the capacity to promote regeneration by providing tissue-specific biological instructive cues that can enhance cell survival and ...

The top ring is located at the base of the skull. Starting with the second vertebra (C2), there is a pad of soft cartilage called an intervertebral disc that cushions between each vertebra. Facet ...

Intervertebral foramen: The spaces through which the spinal nerves enter and exit the spine. A foraminotomy aims to widen either type of foramen. Doctors can also use foraminotomy to treat back ...

This curve helps keep the discs and muscles in proper alignment. The lumbar spine rests upon the sacrum. The place where they meet is called the lumbosacral joint, or L5-S1. Above and below each ...