You have full access to this article via your institution. By about 1860, a relative geological timescale was established based on the vertical succession of fossils, reflecting the sequence of ...

The advent of the uniformitarian school of geologists marks a radical departure from the old estimates. The pendulum swings from one extreme to the other. Boundless distances of time were now ...

From Steno onward the spirit of geology was catastrophic; from Hutton onward it grew increasingly uniformitarian; from the time of Darwin and Kelvin it has become evolutional. The ambiguity of the ...

It becomes an overall exercise of gargantuan special pleading and imagination for the evolutionary – uniformitarian paradigm to maintain that there ever were geologic periods.” – The Essential ...