Keep reading to learn how long nicotine stays in your urine, blood, saliva, and hair. Cotinine is generally used as a marker for nicotine exposure. Because concentrations are higher in urine than ...

These tests may include blood draws, urine dip tests ... Proteinuria during pregnancy: Definition, pathophysiology, methodology, and clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol.

Research suggests proteinuria affects between 8-33% of the general population ... they may leak protein into the urine, causing it to appear foamy. In diabetes, high blood sugar levels can ...

Environmental biologists tested the effects of microplastics on the brains of young male mice, taking pictures of the blood vessels in their brains and observing their behavior. They found a new ...