Dr. Falk: There are two types of arteriovenous access—grafts and fistulas. With grafts, 95% of them thrombose because there is a stenosis at the venous anastomosis; a physical exam is good in ...
A decision tree using PT pitch, presence of hearing loss, and bruit on physical exam indicated high positive and negative predictive value for arteriovenous shunting (figure 1). With high pitch PT, no ...