creating two single strands of open DNA. Cooling initiates the annealing phase, in which synthetic DNA oligonucleotides, called primers, bind to open, complementary segments of DNA that flank the ...

Once scientists have zeroed in on a specific segment of DNA, how do they produce enough copies of that segment for their research? In most cases, the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is their ...

PCR involves the enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid templates, and can be divided into four major steps, listed below. 1 Denaturation: Double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. Annealing ...

which melts double-stranded DNA into single strands; annealing, which lets small pieces of primer DNA bind to either side of the region of interest; and elongation, where the enzyme DNA polymerase ...

Because DNA's makeup is determined by a simple set ... This generative design process called shape annealing was pioneered by Jon Cagan, professor of mechanical engineering.