This tree is susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including pine wilt nematodes, sawflies, a number of moth species, and fungal diseases. Perhaps the most significant threat to Japanese ...

Pine wilt disease is one of the most destructive threats to global forest ecosystems due to its rapid spread and high mortality rate among affected trees. Asia has been the hardest-hit region ...

Pitch canker: A disease caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum that affects pine trees, leading to symptoms such as resinous cankers on the bark and dieback of branches. Volatile organic ...