Alcohol consumption can elevate cancer risk through mechanisms such as DNA damage, hormonal changes, and oxidative stress, with risks increasing alongside consumption levels.
Scientists have long considered ketones (a fundamental chemical class) and esters (molecules formed when an acid reacts with an alcohol) to be locked treasure chests of possibilities. Ubiquitous as ...
Fallatah, T. (2025) Secondary Compounds Assessment in Some Street Plants Exposed to Air Pollution in Jeddah Governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Open Journal of Ecology, 15, 115-134. doi: 10.4236/oje ...
are explicitly written in the skeletal structure, except for their carbon atoms. Double bonds are shown by two lines between carbon atoms (C=C), while triple bonds are shown by three lines (C≡C).
Nomenclature, governed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), helps systematically name compounds based on their structure, such as identifying functional groups like -OH in ...