The schematic diagram [Figure (b)] shows that the Stokes beam is modulated with an electro-optic modulator (EOM, M350-160 KD*P, Conoptics) at a couple of MHz by using a square-wave function-generator ...

IF we assume that the X-ray scattering of the ‘unmodified’ type observed by Prof. Compton corresponds to the normal or average state of the atoms and molecules, while the ‘modified ...

Enhancement techniques including UV resonance Raman, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy overcome the traditional challenge ...