Esterification is a type of condensation reaction as water is a byproduct. Esterification reactions are a fundamental type of organic reaction where an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid to form an ...

Organic chemistry is possible due to the unique properties of carbon, which allow it to form a vast range of stable bonds and structures. Carbon has four valence electrons, enabling it to form four ...

Modern particle detectors consist of layers of subdetectors, each designed to look for particular properties, or specific types of particle. Tracking devices reveal the path of a particle; ...

For the highest used pulse charge (~120 nC) only 6 pulses were irradiated, for the lowest (~2 nC) 463 pulses were irradiated. The majority of primary standard absorbed dose calorimeters have been ...