JGR: Earth Surface publishes original research articles on the physical, chemical and biological processes that affect the form and function of the surface of the solid Earth over all temporal and spatial scales.

2025年1月22日 · Near the surface, Earth has an atmosphere that consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and neon. The atmosphere affects Earth’s long-term climate and short-term local weather and shields us from much of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun.

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust.

2025年1月31日 · Earth’s surface is traditionally subdivided into seven continental masses: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. These continents are surrounded by five major bodies of water: the Arctic , Atlantic , Indian , Pacific , …

2017年2月11日 · According to modern estimates, the surface area of the Earth is approximately 510 million square km (5.1 x 10 8 km 2) or 196,900,000 square miles. Determining this was not only a matter...

The Earth’s surface is covered by its thinnest layer, the crust. Land is made of continental crust, which is 8km to 70km thick and made mostly from a rock called granite. The layer beneath the ocean bed is made of oceanic crust, which is about 8km thick and …

2025年1月14日 · Our home planet Earth is a rocky, terrestrial planet. It has a solid and active surface with mountains, valleys, canyons, plains and so much more. Earth is special because it is an ocean planet. Water covers 70% of Earth's surface.

Surface pressure: 1014 mb Surface density: 1.217 kg/m 3 Scale height: 8.5 km Total mass of atmosphere: 5.1 x 10 18 kg Total mass of hydrosphere: 1.4 x 10 21 kg Average temperature: 288 K (15 C) Diurnal temperature range: 283 K to 293 K (10 to 20 C) Wind speeds: 0 to 100 m/s Mean molecular weight: 28.97 Atmospheric composition (by volume, dry ...

2010年3月26日 · Underneath the water that fills the oceans, and the dirt and plants that cover the continents, the Earth’s surface layer is made of rock. This outer layer formed a hard, rocky crust as lava ...

2025年1月9日 · Geomorphology is literally the study of the form or shape of the Earth, but it deals principally with the topographical features of the Earth’s surface. It is concerned with the classification, description, and origin of landforms.