HIV uses a complex series of steps to deliver its genome into the host cell cytoplasm while simultaneously evading the host immune response. To infect cells, the HIV protein envelope (Env) binds to the primary cellular receptor CD4 and then to a cellular coreceptor.

People receive an AIDS diagnosis when their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells per milliliter of blood, or they develop certain illnesses (sometimes called opportunistic infections). People with AIDS can have a high viral load and may easily transmit HIV to others.

HIV is a retrovirus that infects humans. The virus attaches itself to specific white blood cells, called CD4 T cells. These cells are important components of the immune system, helping to fight infections in the body. But HIV renders them harmful, triggering those cells to make multiple copies of itself while gradually destroying the T cells.

2021年8月4日 · CD4 cells play a major role in protecting the body from infection. HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle. HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at different stages of the HIV life cycle.

2015年10月1日 · Untreated HIV replication causes progressive CD4 + T cell loss and a wide range of immunological abnormalities, leading to an increased risk of infectious and oncological complications. HIV...

2023年8月17日 · HIV infects a limited number of immune cells in the body, predominantly activated CD4 + T cells, but can infect other important cells, including macrophages and microglial cells (a cell...

HIV invasion of immune cells. HIV infects T cells via high-affinity interaction between the virion envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and the CD4 molecule. The infection of T cells is assisted by the T-cell co-receptor called CXCR4 while HIV infects monocytes by …

Mounting evidence indicates that cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than cell-free transmission of particles and likely influences the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. This mode of viral transmission also influences the generation and maintenance of the latent reservoir, which represents the main obstacle for curing the infection.

Unveiling the underlying cellular receptors and cofactors that lead to HIV preference for specific immune cell populations is crucial in identifying novel preventative/therapeutic targets for comprehensive strategies to eliminate viral infection.

2012年8月1日 · HIV uses a complex series of steps to deliver its genome into the host cell cytoplasm while simultaneously evading the host immune response. To infect cells, the HIV protein envelope (Env) binds to the primary cellular receptor CD4 and …