Pack ice | Arctic, Antarctic & Polar | Britannica
Pack ice, any area of sea ice (ice formed by freezing of seawater) that is not landfast; it is mobile by virtue of not being attached to the shoreline or something else. Pack ice expands in the winter and retreats in the summer in both hemispheres to cover about 5 …
Drift ice - Wikipedia
When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass (>70% coverage), it is called pack ice. [1] Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to dozens of metres in thickness. These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas.
Pack Ice - Oceanwide Expeditions
Pack ice is made up of smaller ice fragments that have frozen together into a solid body. These smaller pieces are called drift ice, which comes in various forms. Ice floes are the largest and most common form of the drift ice that comprises pack ice.
Sea Ice Glossary - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
As the surface temperature continues to drop, the ice forms a solid layer and is then called pack ice. Ice that forms each winter and melts each summer is known as annual ice, and is usually about six feet thick.
Sea ice - Wikipedia
While fast ice is relatively stable (because it is attached to the shoreline or the seabed), drift (or pack) ice undergoes relatively complex deformation processes that ultimately give rise to sea ice's typically wide variety of landscapes. Wind is the main driving force, along with ocean currents.
14.1 Types of Ice – Introduction to Oceanography
Fast ice, or land-fast ice, refers to the large, solid ice sheets that are attached to land. The pack ice consists of the smaller, free-floating pieces of sea ice. They may have formed independently, or may have broken off from the fast ice (Figure 14.1.3).
Antarctic Pack Ice - Smithsonian Ocean
In the summer, the slab of ice breaks up into pack ice, which eventually drifts out to sea and melts, only to be replaced the next year. Sea ice is a critical habitat for nearly all the denizens of Antarctica, and is changing quickly in response to climate.
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